Pharma approach

  PAM's Automatic Capsule Filling Machine AF-90T for Tamping, Dosating or Volumetric Filling Functional Description : The AF-90T is a high capacity fully automatic capsule filling machine that can fill a large variety of powder formulation into hard gelatine capsules.  The machine is formulation friendly and it uses a tamping process to form a slug which is inserted into the empty capsule. Pellet filling device is available as an optional attachment. Capsules are fed into the hopper and picked up in the lading station by its reciprocation motion. After rectification the capsules are separated by vacuum so that the bodies go into the lower segment and the caps remain in the upper segment of the bushes. The powder is loaded into the hopper and transferred to the powder tub by a stirrer. The tamping device gradually forms a slug by a series of 5 tampings in the dosing disc. The 6'th stroke of the tamping device ejects the slug into the body of the capsule. The capsules are close

Bioavailability Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of unchanged drug reach-ing the systemic circulation following administration by any route (Table 3–3). The area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) is proportional to the extent of bioavailability for a drug if its elimination is first-order (Figure 3–4). For an intravenous dose of the drug, bioavailability is assumed to be equal to unity. For a drug administered orally, bioavailability may be less than 100% for two main reasons—incomplete extent of absorption across the gut wall and first-pass elimination by the liver . A. Extent of Absorption After oral administration, a drug may be incompletely absorbed, eg, only 70% of a dose of digoxin reaches the systemic circulation. This is mainly due to lack of absorption from the gut. Other drugs are either too hydrophilic (eg, atenolol) or too lipophilic (eg, acy clovir) to be absorbed easily, and their low bioavailability is also due to incomplete absorption. I

Volume of Distribution Volume of distribution (V) relates the amount of drug in the body to the concentration of drug (C) in blood or plasma: The volume of distribution may be defined with respect to blood, plasma, or water (unbound drug), depending on the con-centration used in equation (1) (C  =  C b , C p , or C u ). That the V calculated from equation (1) is an  apparent  volume may be appreciated by comparing the volumes of distribution of drugs such as digoxin or chloroquine (Table 3–1) with some of the physical volumes of the body (Table 3–2). Volume of distri-bution can vastly exceed any physical volume in the body because it is the volume  apparently  necessary to contain the amount of drug  homogeneously  at the concentration found in the blood, plasma, or water. Drugs with very high volumes of distribution have much higher concentrations in extravascular tissue than in the vascular compartment, ie, they are  not  homogeneously distrib-uted. Drugs that are compl

तेरे चेहरे के हजारों चाहने वाले …… पर BABY मेरे STATUS के लाखो दिवाने

🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️🎖️ *Easy to Learn@GDC* 〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️〰️ 📝 *Spectroscopy Technology* ➰➰➰➰➰➰➰➰➰➰➰ 📚 Spectroscopy is the study of interaction between matter (i.e. molecules, atoms, nuclei) and radiated energy (i.e. electromagnetic radiation). Thus it is the study of how each of the above electromagnetic radiations interacts with molecules, compounds, atoms or even the nucleus. ✳️ *The Types of Spectroscopy* 🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰🔰 🏆 *Absorption-* This is the most common type of spectroscopy. Absorption occurs when the incident electromagnetic radiation is completely absorbed by the matter with which it interacts. Different electromagnetic radiation gets absorbed by different matter species such as atoms and molecules. Absorption is generally measured by monitoring the amount of radiation that is transmitted through the material. Common types of spectroscopy involving absorption are ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectroscopy) or infrared spectr

Functions Of The Liver The liver performs important digestive and excretory functions, stores and processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful chemicals, and synthesizes new molecules (table 16.3).  The liver produces and secretes about 600–1000 mL of bile each day.  Bile  (bı̄l) contains no digestive enzymes, but it plays an important role in digestion by diluting and neutralizing stomach acid and by dramatically increasing the efficiency of fat digestion and absorption. Digestive enzymes cannot act efficiently on large fat globules.  Bile salts  emulsify fats, breaking the fat globules into smaller droplets, much like the action of detergents in dishwater (see tables 16.1 and 16.3). The small droplets are more easily digested by digestive enzymes. Bile also contains excretory products, such as cholesterol, fats, and bile pigments, including bilirubin (bil-i-roo′ bin), a bile pigment that results from the breakdown of hemoglobin .  Gallstones  may form if the amount of choleste

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ts Chapter 3 Analytical Chemistry 3.86 Chapter 4 Biochemistry 3.146 Chapter 5 Medicinal Chemistry 3.184 Chapter 6 Inorganic Chemistry 3.275 UNIT 4: PHARMACOGNOSY Chapter 1 Introduction to Pharmacognosy 4.3 Chapter 2 Drug Containing Alkaloids 4.23 Chapter 3 Drug Containing Glycosides 4.33 Chapter 4 Drug Containing Terpenoids 4.45 Chapter 5 Drug Containing Carbohydrate, Resin and Tannin 4.55 UNIT 5: NIPER Special NIPER – Seats Matrix 5.3 NIPER JEE – Examination Syllabus 5.6 NIPER Special 5.11 NIPER JEE – Question Paper I 5.40 NIPER JEE – Question Paper II 5.46 NIPER JEE – Question Paper III 5.52 NIPER JEE – Question Paper IV 5.58 NIPER JEE – Question Paper V 5.64 Some Tips for Preparation of NIPER JEE and GPAT 5.70 UNIT 6: SOLVED PAPERS 1. L. M. College of Pharmacy, Gujarat (Government of Gujarat) Assistant Professor Recruitment Examination Question Paper 2016 6.3 2. ESIC Pharmacist (Employees State Insurance Corporation -Allopathic) Recruitment Question Paper 20

Contents UNIT 1: PHARMACEUTICS Chapter 1 Physical Pharmaceutics 1.3 Chapter 2 Pharmaceutical Engineering (Unit Operation) 1.24 Chapter 3 Pharmaceutical Technology and Modern Pharmaceutics 1.41 Chapter 4 Dispensing Pharmacy 1.93 Chapter 5 Biopharmaceutics 1.110 Chapter 6 Jurisprudence 1.133 Chapter 7 Cosmetics Preparation 1.143 Chapter 8 Microbiology 1.153 UNIT 2: PHARMACOLOGY Chapter 1 Basic Pharmacology 2.3 Chapter 2 Autonomic Nervous System 2.11 Chapter 3 Endocrine Pharmacology 2.23 Chapter 4 Central Nervous System 2.34 Chapter 5 Chemotherapy and Chemotherapy of Cancer 2.46 Chapter 6 Therapeutic Aspect of Inflammatory Disorders 2.72 Chapter 7 Drugs Acting on Cardio-Vascular System 2.80 Chapter 8 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Tract Disorder 2.101 Chapter 9 Pharmacological Drugs Classification 2.106 UNIT 3: PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Chapter 1 Physical Chemistry 3.3 Chapter 2 Organic Chemistry 3.27

General anaesthetics and oxygen  Inhalational medicines  halothane   Inhalation. isoflurane   Inhalation. nitrous oxide  Inhalation. oxygen  Inhalation(medicinal gas). Injectable medicines  ketamine Injection: 50mg (as hydrochloride)/ml in 10‐ml vial. propofol Injection:  10mg/ml;20mg/ml. Thiopental may be used as an alternative depending on local availability and cost.  Local anaesthetics bupivacaine Injection: 0.25%; 0.5% (hydrochloride) in vial. Injection for spinal anaesthesia: 0.5% (hydrochloride) in 4‐ml ampoule to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution.   lidocaine Injection: 1%; 2% (hydrochloride)in vial Injection for spinal anaesthesia: 5% (hydrochloride) in 2‐ml ampoule to be mixed with 7.5% glucose solution. Topical forms: 2% to 4% (hydrochloride).  lidocaine + epinephrine (adrenaline)   Dental cartridge: 2% (hydrochloride) + epinephrine 1:80 000. Injection: 1%; 2% (hydrochloride or sulfate) + epinephrine 1:200 000 in vial.  Complem

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